Horseshoe kidney is a characteristic of which syndrome?

Horseshoe kidney is a congenital condition where the two kidneys are fused together at their lower ends, forming a U-shape resembling a horseshoe. This anatomical anomaly is specifically associated with Turner syndrome, which is a genetic disorder typically affecting females. Turner syndrome results from a complete or partial absence of one of the X chromosomes and is characterized by various physical features and medical conditions, including short stature, ovarian insufficiency, and renal anomalies such as horseshoe kidney.

In the context of Turner syndrome, the presence of a horseshoe kidney arises due to the disruptions in normal embryonic development of the kidneys, often leading to other associated renal anomalies as well. This makes horseshoe kidney a recognized characteristic of the syndrome.

Other options represent conditions that do not typically involve horseshoe kidney as a clinical feature. Down's syndrome, for example, is associated with trisomy 21 and is known for different traits such as intellectual disability and characteristic facial features but not specifically renal fusion anomalies. Achondroplasia primarily affects bone growth and stature, while polycystic kidney disease involves the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys but does not commonly present with horseshoe kidney.