In nephrotic syndrome, what happens to lipids?

In nephrotic syndrome, there is a notable increase in lipid levels, primarily due to the underlying pathophysiology associated with this condition. The syndrome is characterized by significant proteinuria, which leads to low levels of albumin in the blood (hypoalbuminemia). When there is a decrease in plasma protein levels, particularly albumin, the liver compensates by increasing the synthesis of lipoproteins, leading to elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

This increase in lipid levels is a direct response to the body’s attempt to maintain osmotic pressure and balance, as the loss of protein triggers hepatic lipid production. As a result, individuals with nephrotic syndrome often present with hyperlipidemia, which includes elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and other lipoprotein fractions. Understanding this relationship is key in managing nephrotic syndrome, as the elevated lipids can contribute to cardiovascular risks.