What are common laboratory findings associated with iron deficiency anemia?

Iron deficiency anemia is typically characterized by microcytic hypochromic anemia, which is reflected in laboratory findings. In this condition, the red blood cells are smaller than normal (microcytic) due to a lack of adequate iron, which is essential for the production of hemoglobin. Additionally, these red blood cells appear pale (hypochromic) because they contain less hemoglobin, contributing to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.

Therefore, when assessing a patient for iron deficiency anemia, the complete blood count (CBC) will reveal reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), confirming the diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anemia. This distinction is crucial in differentiating iron deficiency anemia from other types, as the laboratory findings directly correspond to the underlying pathophysiology of iron deficiency. Hence, the predominant findings will align with the characteristics of microcytic hypochromic anemia rather than the features seen in macrocytic, normocytic, or hemolytic anemias.