What are the three components of Charcot's triad?

Charcot's triad is a classic clinical syndrome associated with acute cholangitis, which is an infection of the biliary tree typically due to bile duct obstruction. The triad consists of three components: RUQ tenderness, jaundice, and fever.

RUQ tenderness indicates inflammation or irritation in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, which is where the liver and gallbladder are located. Jaundice signifies the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, often due to bile duct obstruction, leading to a yellowing of the skin and eyes. Fever, frequently a result of infection, suggests that there is a systemic response to the underlying cholangitis.

The presence of these three signs together is crucial in diagnosing this serious condition, as timely treatment is often necessary to prevent severe complications. Understanding the components of Charcot's triad is essential for healthcare professionals when assessing patients with potential biliary issues.