What are the two classes of drugs typically used to treat Alzheimer's disease?

The treatment for Alzheimer's disease primarily focuses on addressing cognitive symptoms and improving quality of life. The two classes of drugs commonly used are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, specifically memantine.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors work by increasing the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, a neurotransmitter that is often depleted in individuals with Alzheimer’s. By inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, these medications aim to enhance communication between nerve cells, which can temporarily improve or stabilize symptoms related to memory and cognition.

Memantine, classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist, helps to regulate glutamate activity in the brain. Glutamate is another neurotransmitter that, when in excess, can contribute to neuronal toxicity and damage. By blocking the NMDA receptors, memantine prevents excessive glutamate stimulation, which can help with cognitive function in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.

The other drug classes mentioned in the incorrect options serve different therapeutic purposes unrelated to the core symptoms of Alzheimer's. Beta-blockers and diuretics are used mainly for cardiovascular and fluid management rather than cognitive impairment. Antidepressants and antipsychotics may be prescribed for mood disorders or behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's patients but are not first-line treatments