What are three common symptoms of renal failure?

The selection of metallic taste, pruritis, and hiccups as three common symptoms of renal failure reflects the physiological changes that occur when the kidneys are unable to filter waste and maintain electrolyte balance effectively.

Metallic taste often arises due to the accumulation of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the bloodstream, which can alter taste perception. This is a recognized symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease and is significant as it affects dietary choices and quality of life.

Pruritis, or skin itching, is another common symptom associated with renal failure due to the retention of phosphate and urea in the body. High levels of these substances can cause skin irritation and itchiness, which can severely affect patient comfort and sleep quality.

Hiccups can occur in renal failure due to a variety of reasons, including electrolyte imbalances (particularly involving sodium and potassium) and the buildup of waste products that irritate the diaphragm or interfere with neurological mechanisms that control hiccup reflexes.

Together, these symptoms are indicative of the systemic effects of renal failure on the body, showcasing the interplay between kidney function and other bodily systems. This option accurately encompasses symptoms that are commonly experienced by patients with compromised renal function.