What condition is characterized by severe depression of vision accompanied by pain?

Acute glaucoma is a condition that is characterized by a sudden increase in intraocular pressure due to a blockage in the drainage of fluid from the eye. This increase in pressure can lead to severe vision loss, as the optic nerve becomes compromised. The condition is typically accompanied by intense eye pain, headaches, nausea, and sometimes vomiting. The pain is often described as a deep, aching sensation in the eye, which distinguishes it from other ocular conditions. The combination of these symptoms—severe depression of vision and pain—highlights the urgency of acute glaucoma, necessitating immediate medical attention to prevent permanent vision loss.

Other conditions mentioned, such as chalazion and conjunctivitis, generally do not present with severe pain or rapid vision impairment and are managed differently. Cataracts most commonly cause gradual vision loss without acute pain. Thus, acute glaucoma is the only option that fits the specified symptoms of significant visual impairment accompanied by pain.