What disease is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands?

Sjogren's syndrome is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dryness of the mouth (xerostomia) and dryness of the eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca). This condition often occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the glands responsible for producing saliva and tears, resulting in decreased gland function and the classic symptoms associated with the disease.

Patients may experience difficulties in swallowing, an increased incidence of dental caries due to reduced saliva, and discomfort in the eyes due to insufficient tear production. Sjogren's syndrome can occur as a primary condition or as a secondary manifestation associated with other autoimmune diseases.

The other conditions mentioned can have overlapping symptoms but do not primarily target the salivary and lacrimal glands. For instance, rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints, lupus erythematosus involves multiple organ systems and can include joint symptoms, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis is focused on thyroid function and does not specifically involve glandular destruction affecting salivation or lacrimation. Thus, Sjogren's syndrome stands out as the correct answer due to its specific pathophysiology and symptomatic presentation.