What do tuning fork test results show in sensorineural hearing loss?

In cases of sensorineural hearing loss, tuning fork tests—specifically the Weber and Rinne tests—help assess the nature of the auditory deficit. The Weber test involves placing the tuning fork on the midline of the forehead, and in sensorineural hearing loss, the sound is perceived to lateralize away from the affected ear. This occurs because the functioning ear can better transmit sound perception, leading to a stronger signal in the unaffected ear.

The Rinne test compares air conduction (AC) to bone conduction (BC). In normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss, air conduction is typically greater than bone conduction, reflecting that sound transmitted through the air is still perceived better than through bone, despite any hearing loss.

Based on the principles of auditory function, when sensorineural hearing loss is present, individuals will show that the Weber test lateralizes to the side opposite the affected ear, validating the interpretation of choice B as accurate for this type of hearing loss.