What is a potential side effect of excessive use of beta agonists in asthma management?

Excessive use of beta agonists in asthma management can indeed lead to cardiac arrhythmias. Beta agonists work by stimulating beta receptors, particularly beta-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to bronchodilation, which is beneficial for asthma patients. However, if beta agonists are used in excessive amounts, they can also stimulate beta-1 adrenergic receptors found in the heart. This stimulation can lead to increased heart rate and potentially disrupt the normal electrical conduction of the heart, resulting in arrhythmias.

Patients might experience palpitations, tachycardia, and, in severe cases, more serious rhythm disturbances. This side effect underscores the importance of using these medications as directed and monitoring their use, especially in patients who may be more susceptible to cardiovascular effects.

While hypotension is not typically associated with beta agonist therapy—rather, hypertension could arise due to increased heart rate—other options such as increased sputum production are more relevant to other types of respiratory medications rather than beta agonists, and decreased heart rate would be counterproductive for asthma exacerbations. Understanding the side effects of medications in chronic conditions like asthma is essential for effective management and patient safety.