What is the mechanism of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists?

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists primarily function by stimulating insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon release in response to elevated blood glucose levels. When glucose levels rise, GLP-1 agonists enhance the secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, which helps lower blood sugar by facilitating glucose uptake in the tissues. At the same time, these medications work to suppress glucagon secretion from alpha cells in the pancreas, which reduces hepatic glucose production (the release of glucose into the bloodstream by the liver).

This dual action is particularly beneficial in managing type 2 diabetes, as it not only helps in lowering blood glucose levels through enhanced insulin secretion but also prevents excessive glucose release from the liver, contributing to overall glycemic control. Additionally, GLP-1 agonists also slow gastric emptying, which further contributes to their blood glucose-lowering effects and helps with satiety.

The other options describe potential effects or mechanisms of various diabetes medications but do not encompass the primary actions of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Thus, option B precisely captures the essential mechanisms through which these agents exert their therapeutic effects.