What racial groups are most commonly affected by beta thalassemia?

Beta thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia. This condition is prevalent in specific ethnic groups due to its genetic origins. The most commonly affected populations include individuals of Mediterranean descent, particularly those from countries like Greece and Italy, as well as people of African descent. This connection to beta thalassemia in these groups results from the historical prevalence of malaria in these regions. The thalassemia trait provides a selective advantage against severe malaria, which is why the disorder persists in these populations.

While other ethnic groups like those in Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific Islands may have some cases, the highest incidence and the strongest association with beta thalassemia is found among Black and Mediterranean populations. Understanding these demographic patterns is essential for medical professionals in both diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with this condition.