What two tests are helpful in diagnosing Sjogren's syndrome?

Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized primarily by dry eyes and dry mouth due to the immune system attacking the glands that produce saliva and tears. The diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome often involves several tests, but two particularly important ones are the Schirmer test and a biopsy of the lower lip mucosa.

The Schirmer test is a straightforward procedure that measures tear production by placing a small strip of paper in the lower eyelid. A significantly reduced amount of tear production indicates a dysfunction of the lacrimal glands, which is a hallmark of Sjogren's syndrome.

A biopsy of the lower lip mucosa allows for histological examination of the salivary glands. This procedure can reveal focal lymphocytic sialadenitis, which is a significant finding in Sjogren's syndrome, confirming the infiltration of immune cells in the salivary glands and supporting the diagnosis.

These two diagnostic tests specifically target the primary symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome, making them highly relevant in establishing the diagnosis. This combination effectively provides evidence of both tear and saliva production issues, critical for identifying this complex autoimmune condition.