What type of murmur is typically heard with coarctation of the aorta?

In coarctation of the aorta, the characteristic murmur that is typically heard is a systolic murmur, often accompanied by an ejection click. This is primarily due to the increased blood flow across the area of constriction during systole, which creates turbulence. The ejection click can also be heard in cases where there are associated conditions such as aortic valve abnormalities or in cases with significant left ventricular hypertrophy due to increased afterload.

The setting of the coarctation leads to a differential in blood pressure between the upper and lower body; thus, the murmur may be more pronounced in the upper extremities compared to the lower, further supporting the presence of turbulent flow during systole in the region adjacent to the narrowing of the aorta. This is why a systolic murmur with an ejection click is indicative of this condition, as it reflects the hemodynamic changes that occur due to the abnormality in the aorta's structure.