What virus is responsible for causing Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)?

Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is caused by Parvovirus B19. This virus primarily affects children, leading to a characteristic "slapped cheek" rash and mild flu-like symptoms. Parvovirus B19 specifically targets erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, which can lead to anemia, notably in individuals with underlying hemolytic anemia or certain types of sickle cell anemia. The infection is generally self-limiting and often resolves without complications, but understanding its viral origin is crucial for diagnosis and management of the disease.

Other viruses listed, such as the Rubella virus or Herpes simplex virus, do not cause the same symptoms or complications associated with fifth disease. Varicella-zoster virus is known for its role in chickenpox and shingles, which are separate from the manifestations of Parvovirus B19 infections. Therefore, identifying Parvovirus B19 as the causative agent is essential in recognizing the clinical presentation of fifth disease.