Which classes of drugs are considered nephrotoxic?

Nephrotoxic drugs are those that can cause damage to the kidneys, and understanding which classes are included is crucial for patient safety and management, particularly in individuals with existing renal issues.

ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitors can result in nephrotoxicity, primarily due to their effects on renal hemodynamics. In certain situations, such as dehydration or renal artery stenosis, these medications can impede glomerular filtration and cause acute kidney injury.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are also well-documented for their nephrotoxic potential. They inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which play a vital role in maintaining renal blood flow, especially under conditions where renal perfusion may be compromised. As a result, NSAIDs can increase the risk of acute kidney injury, particularly in patients with pre-existing renal conditions or volume depletion.

Both of these classes of drugs underscore the importance of monitoring renal function, especially when administered to patients who may be at increased risk for kidney injury. Recognizing the nephrotoxic potential of ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs allows healthcare professionals to implement appropriate precautions when prescribing these medications.