Which conditions are classified as non-cyanotic heart anomalies?

Non-cyanotic heart anomalies are characterized by a left-to-right shunt or obstruction to blood flow that does not lead to significant desaturation of blood, meaning that these conditions typically do not cause cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen).

The conditions in the correct response include ventricular septal defect (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD). VSD is a defect in the ventricular septum that allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow without significant mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Similarly, ASD allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium, again resulting in increased blood flow to the lungs without causing cyanosis. Both these defects are considered non-cyanotic as they do not result in low oxygen levels in the systemic circulation.

Other options contain conditions that typically do lead to cyanosis. For instance, pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot both involve significant mixing of oxygen-poor blood with oxygen-rich blood, resulting in cyanosis, and are therefore classified as cyanotic anomalies. Coarctation of the aorta, while it can lead