Which demographic is most likely to have G6P Deficiency?

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked genetic condition that affects the enzyme G6PD, which plays a crucial role in the pentose phosphate pathway, particularly in protecting red blood cells from oxidative stress. This condition is more prevalent in certain populations due to genetic factors associated with malaria resistance.

The demographic most likely to have G6PD deficiency is indeed Black males. The prevalence of this deficiency is significantly higher in African populations, where it is believed to have offered some protective advantage against malaria. The X-linked nature of the gene means that males, having only one X chromosome, are more likely to express the deficiency if they inherit the affected chromosome. In contrast, females have two X chromosomes and thus may be carriers without necessarily expressing the condition unless both X chromosomes carry the mutation.

While some other ethnic groups do exhibit G6PD deficiency, such as certain Mediterranean populations and various others, the highest prevalence is observed in individuals of African descent, especially males. Therefore, recognizing the association of G6PD deficiency with specific demographics is critical in clinical practice, particularly when considering treatment options that may induce hemolysis in these patients.