Which disease is known for causing progressive chorea and dementia, typically fatal within 15-20 years?

Huntington disease is characterized by the combination of progressive chorea and cognitive decline, including dementia. This genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene and typically manifests in mid-adulthood. The chorea, which involves involuntary movements, becomes progressively worse as the disease advances, while cognitive and psychiatric symptoms develop, leading to significant impairment in daily functioning.

The typical life expectancy after the onset of symptoms ranges from 15 to 20 years, which aligns with the chronic nature of this neurodegenerative condition. The disease's progression and the specific constellation of motor and cognitive symptoms are crucial in distinguishing it from other illnesses.

In contrast, other conditions in the choices either do not primarily present with chorea—such as Multiple Sclerosis, which has a different set of neurological symptoms, or Alzheimer's disease, which primarily involves memory loss and cognitive decline without the chorea. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis primarily affects motor neurons leading to muscle weakness and atrophy rather than chorea or dementia. Therefore, Huntington disease is accurately recognized for its specific symptom profile and disease progression, making it the correct answer in this context.