Which drug classes are known to be ototoxic and can lead to hearing loss?

The drug classes known to be ototoxic and associated with hearing loss include aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, and certain chemotherapy agents like cisplatin.

Aminoglycosides are antibiotics that can damage the hair cells in the inner ear, leading to sensorineural hearing loss. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can also affect the cochlea and contribute to changes in hearing due to their effects on fluid and electrolyte balance in the inner ear. Chemotherapy drugs, particularly cisplatin, are well-documented for their potential to cause ototoxicity, which can result in permanent hearing impairment.

Collectively, these drug classes can lead to significant complications in terms of auditory function, making them critical to monitor when prescribed to patients, especially those with pre-existing hearing issues or those requiring high doses. Understanding this association helps healthcare providers mitigate risks and ensure appropriate monitoring during treatment.