Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with H. Pylori infection?

Peptic ulcer disease is primarily associated with H. pylori infection. H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) is a type of bacteria that can colonize the stomach lining, leading to chronic inflammation (chronic gastritis) and the development of peptic ulcers. These ulcers can occur in the stomach (gastric ulcers) or the duodenum (duodenal ulcers). Infection with H. pylori is considered a major risk factor for the development of these ulcers because the bacteria disrupt the mucosal barrier, making it more susceptible to damage from gastric acid.

In addition to peptic ulcers, untreated H. pylori infection can contribute to other gastrointestinal conditions such as gastric cancer, but its most direct association is with peptic ulcer disease. This relationship is well-documented in medical literature, making it essential for clinicians to consider H. pylori testing and treatment in patients presenting with symptoms of peptic ulcers to prevent complications and promote healing.

Other conditions listed — such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and gallstones — are not primarily linked to H. pylori infection. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten, inflammatory bowel disease encompasses conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis with different