Which polyneuropathy is often preceded by a lung or gastrointestinal infection?

Guillain-Barre syndrome is a polyneuropathy that is frequently preceded by an infection, particularly of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract. This syndrome is characterized by the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking the peripheral nervous system, leading to rapid-onset muscle weakness and sometimes paralysis.

The typical infectious triggers include various viruses and bacteria, notably the Campylobacter jejuni infection, which is often associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. The preceding infection seems to sensitize the immune system, leading to an autoimmune response that can result in the damaging effects seen in Guillain-Barre syndrome. This connection highlights the importance of monitoring patients for neurological symptoms following respiratory or gastrointestinal infections.

The other options do not share this specific association with preceding infections in the same way. For instance, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is generally genetic, diabetic neuropathy relates to prolonged high blood sugar levels, and Friedreich's ataxia is a hereditary degenerative disease affecting the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why Guillain-Barre syndrome is the relevant answer in this context.