Which two leukemias are typically associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?

The Philadelphia chromosome is an abnormal chromosome that results from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, leading to the BCR-ABL fusion gene. This fusion gene plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of certain types of leukemia.

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is the most classic association with the Philadelphia chromosome. The presence of this chromosome is a defining feature of CML, and it is used diagnostically to confirm the disease. In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), particularly in adult cases, the Philadelphia chromosome is also commonly found. This association highlights the role of this specific chromosome in promoting leukemogenesis in these types of leukemia.

The other options mention leukemias and conditions that do not typically correlate with the Philadelphia chromosome. For example, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) are not known to be associated with it. Myelodysplastic syndrome, while it can progress to leukemia, does not have a direct link to the Philadelphia chromosome either. Lastly, polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that is not related to the Philadelphia chromosome. These distinctions help clarify why the correct association is specifically